Brooder



-Api'il 28, 1931. Q J. F. MacKAY 1,802,349

BROODER Filed Nov. 16,-1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIZZ-11 WITNESSES IINVENTOR: JZ/zzz Z'Mwjfa I By M ATTORNEYS.

April 28, 1931. J. F. MacKAY 1,802,349

I BROODER Filed Nov. 16. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 WITNESSES INVENTOR:

l ATTORNEYS.

Patented Apr. 28, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JOHN IE. MAGKAY, FLANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA BROODER Application filed November 16, 1928.Serial No. 319,760.

the naturally induced atmospheric conditions necessary to thepropagation of healthy chicks.

" How the foregoing and other important advantages can be readilyattained in practicewill be manifest from the detailed descriptionfollowing of the typical embodi- V, ment shown in the drawings, whereinFig. I

is a plan view of my improved brooder with a portion of the hood brokenaway.

Fig. II is a view showing the brooder partly in elevation and partly invertical section.

Fig. III is 'a fragmentary sectional view on a larger scale, taken asindicated by the arrows III-III in Fig. I; and

Fig. IV is a fragmentary view, looking in the direction of the arrowsIVIV in Fig. III.

With more detailed reference to these illustrations, 10 designates aheater stove embodying a fire chamber 11 which is accessible for fuelingfrom the top through a cover-protected opening 12, and an underlying ashpit 13 with a closure door 14; said fire chamber and ash pit being setapart by a horizontal grate 15, all more or less after common practice.In adapting the heater stove 10 to the purposes of my invention, Iprovide it with a draft inlet 16 into the ash pit 13; which inlet islocated, in the present instance, diametrically opposite the door 14,and approached through a hollow fitting 17 attached to or forming anintegral part of the stove casing.

As shown, the, fitting 17 affords connection for a vertical draft pipe18 that extends up substantially to the level of the stove top. Ifurther supplement the heater stove 10 with a tubular draft ouletfitting 19 in registry With the eccentrically-disposed flue orifice 20,said fitting having a check draft opening 21 in its side and affordingpivotal bearing for a damper 22 arranged to control air flow through thecheck draft opening 21. From Fig. III it will observed that the damper22 is appropriately shaped for capacity to swing between the limitsindicated in full and broken lines, and that its gravity center is sodisposed as to predetermine automatic closing. As shown, the flue pipe23 is telescopically engaged over the top of the fitting 19 so as toform an axial continuation thereof for connection to a chimney.

Supported from the top of the stove 10 is a surrounding downwardlydeflecting conical hood 25, such as may be conveniently made from sheetmetal and incidentally provided with an orifice 26 to permit protrusionof the vertical draft inlet pipe 18 above said hood. As shown, the draftpipe 18 has a covering 18a of insulatory material to prevent localoverheating of the atmosphere beneath the hood.

For the purpose of automatically governing the heater 10 for maintenanceof a definite predetermined temperature beneath the hood 25 withattendant circulation of air, I provide means, as follows: Riveted orotherwise fastened to the outer face of the hood 25, near its bottomedge, is a bracket piece 27 that is tapped to take an adjusting screw 28with a winged manipulating head. This screw 28 carries a pivot support29 for an arm 30 which extends upward along the slope of the hood 25, i.e. in a direction radially of the stove 10 and in line with the flue 18,while its free end lies beneath an actuating projection 31 on the checkdraft damper 22. Adjacent the pivot support 29, the arm 30 is formedwith a circular downwardly-flanged invert cuplike enlargement 31whereofthe top is perforated as at 32; This cup-like enlargement 31 functionsafter the manner of a cover member incidental to valvular action with anupstanding flange guard 33 of somewhat larger diameter around a numberofair exhaust apertures 34 through the hood 25. Thecup-like enlargement 31of the arm 30 and the flange guard 33 moreover jointly constitute ashield for a wafer thermostat 35 lib which is thus subjected directly tothe heated air exhausted through the apertures 3st from beneath the hood25. In the present instance, the thermostat is secured to the arm 30 asa consequence of having its rivet stud headed over as at 36; and on itsfree bottom face carries a lug 37 that engages an abutment 38 secured tothe hood as axially within the flange guard 33.

The draft of the heater 10 is controlled by a disk 39 which is movedtoward and away from the top end of the flue pipe 18 through themediumof a lever i0 having pivotal support on a bearing bracket ell,secured to the hood 2:"). That end of the lever 40 carrying the disk 39over-balaiuzes the shorter upwardly rounded tail end 42 which is thusurged into contact with the arm 30 for actuation thereby.

\Vith the described arrangement, it will be seen that inc ease in thetemperature of the exhaust air is attended by expansion of thethermostat .35 and iifti g of the arm 30 from the position illustrat din Fig. III. As the action proceeds, the e end of the arm 30 will engagethe projection 31 on the check damper 22 and graduali y swing the latterto open position; while the lever Ll-O is concurrently permitted tolower the disk 39 over the open top of the draft pipe 18, therebyreducing the fire in the heater 10. Through incidental elevation of thecupped enlargement 31 of the lever 30, it will also be seen that agreater volume of the heated air is allowed to escape peripherally over,the edge of the flange guard 33. Decrease in the temperature of theexhaust air on the other hand will result in converse action of themechanism, that is to say: the thermostat 35 will contract withattendant lowering of the arm 30, closing of the check draft damper andopening of the draft pipe 18 through lifting of the cover disk 39. Atthe same time, the cupped enlargement 31 moves telescopically into theflange guard 33 thereby restricting peripheral escape of exhaust airaround. the top edge of said guard, in a manner wholly obvious from Fig.III. Thus by compensative action between the several parts of theorganization in the manner described, I am able to insure continuousreplacement of foul air while maintaining a uniform temperature beneaththe hood 25 as requisite to the successful nursing of chicks, thetemperature being predeterminable through adjustment of the wing screw28, whereby the relation of the arm 30 may be changed with respect tothe check damper 22 and the lever 4-.0 controlling draft into the heater10. Moisture is supplied for humidiflcation of the air beneath the hood25 through evaporation of water from the pan 45, shown in the presentinstance as strapped to the draft inlet pipe 18.

Having thus described my invention, I claim: v

1. In a brooder, a heater, a surrounding downwardly deflecting hood, anda thermostat in a telescopic shield exterior of the hood subject to theaction of heated air exhausted from beneath said hood to automaticallyactuate an inlet control for fresh air to the heater while concurrentlyoperating a gravity influenced check in the flue outlet therefrom forthe purpose of maintaining a uniform temperature under the hood.

2. In a brooder, a heater stove, a surrounding downwardly deflectinghood, a draft inlet for the heater open beyond the confines of the hood,and a thermostat in a telescopic shield exterior of the hood with meansto antomatically control flow of air into the draft inlet of the heaterwhile. concurrently actuating a gra *ity closable damper in the flueoutlet therefrom for the purpose of maintaining a uniform temperatru'eunder the hood.

3. In a brooder, a heater stove, a surrounding downwardly deflectinghood, a d aft inlet for the heater open above the hood, and a thermostatin an adjustable telescopic shield having perforate ends and co-ordinatemeans to automatically govern flow of fresh air into the upper open endof the draft inlet of the heater and simultaneously control a gravityclosable damper in the flue outlet therefrom for the purpose ofmaintaining a uniform temperature under the hood.

4. In a brooder, a heater stove, a surrounding downwardly deflectinghood, a draft inlet for the heater open beyond the confines of the hood,and a thermostat housed in a telescopic shield having perforate ends andsubject to the action of heated air exhausting through said shield frombeneath the hood to automatically govern flow of air into the upper endof the draft inlet aforesaid while concurrently actuating a gravityclosable check damper in the flue outlet therefrom for the purpose ofmaintaining a uniform temperature under the hood.

5. In a brooder, a heater stove with a draft and a gravity closablecheck damper controls, a surrounding downwardly deflecting hood, and athermostat housed in an adjustable telescopic shield having perforateends and subject to the action of heated air exhausting through saidshield from beneath the hood to automatically govern the aforesaid draftand check damper controls for the purpose of mantaining a uniformtemperature under the hood.

6. In a brooder, a heater stove, a surrounding downwardly deflectinghood, a draft pipe extending up through the hood from the heate means tocontrol flow of air into the top of the draft pipe, a gravity closablecheck draft damper in the flue of the heater above the hood, athermostat housed in an adjustable telescopic shield exterior to thehood and having perforate ends, and co-ordinate coactive means toconcurrently and automatically govern the flow of fresh air into thedraft pipe and the check draft damper forthe purpose of maintaining auniform temperature under the hood.

7. In a brooder, a heater stove, a surrounding downwardly deflectinghood, a draft pipe extending up through the hood from the heater stove,means at the top of the draft pipe to control flow of air thereinto, acheck draft damper in the fine of the heater above the hood, an arm witha fulcrum support on the outer surface of the hood coordinated with boththe draft control means and the check draft damper, and a thermostatsubject to the action of heated air exhausted from beneath the hood toactuate the arm aforesaid thereby to automatically govern the heater forthe purpose of maintaining a uniform temperature under the hood.

8. In a brooder, a heater, a surrounding downwardly deflecting hood withan aperture permitting exhaust of heated air from beneath, an upstandingguard around the aperture, a cover member adapted for valvular actionwith the guard, and a thermostat within the cover member subject to theaction of the heated air flowing through the aperture to actuate saidcover member thereby to automatically govern exhaust from under the mod.

9. In a brooder, a heater stove, a surround ing downwardly deflectinghood, a draft pipe extending up through the hood from the heater stove,means at the top of the draft pipe to control flow of air thereinto, acheck draft damper in the fine of the heater above the hood, an arm withfulcrum support on the outer surface of the hood, said arm beingcoordinated with both the draft control means and the check draft damperaforesaid, an upstanding guard surrounding an aperture through whichheated air is permitted to exhaust from beneath the hood, a cover memberon the arm aforesaid adapted for valvular action with the guard tocontrol exhaust, and a thermostat within the cover member subject to theaction of the heated air flowing through the aperture to actuate the armthereby to concurrently control the heater, and the exhaust for thepurpose of automatically governing air circulation with maintenance of auniform temperature under the hood.

10. In a brooder, a heater with controls, a surrounding downwardlydeflecting hood with a perforate area therein permitting exhaust ofheated air from beneath, and means actuated by a thermostat housed in atelescopic shield exterior of and about the perforate area forconcurrently governing the heater controls and exhaust through theperforate area thereby to automatically regulate air circulation withmaintenance of a uniform temperature under the hood.

11. In a brooder, a heater with controls, a surrounding downwardlydeflecting hood with a perforate area therein permitting exhaust ofheated air from beneath, means actuated by a thermostat housed in atelescopic shield exterior of and about the perforate area forconcurrently governing the heater controls and exhaust through theperforate area thereby to automatically regulate air circulation withmaintenance of a uniform temperature under the hood, and means wherebythe thermostatically actuated means may be adjusted to predetermine thetemperature maintained as aforesaid.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Tullytown,Pennsylvania, this 10th day of November, 1928.

JOHN F. MACKAY.

